Should Canoeboot become GNU Canoeboot?

Leah Rowe in GNU Leah Mode™

12 May 2024

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Article published by: Leah Rowe in GNU Leah Mode™

Date of publication: 12 May 2024

UPDATE ON 12 JUNE 2024: Please do not use Canoeboot 20240504 or 20240510 because there were problems with these releases. Use the Canoeboot 20240612 release instead, which contains a series of bug fixes that correct the issues from May 2024 releases. More information is available in the Canoeboot 20240612 announcement. As of November 2nd, 2024, there is also another release, the 20241102 release.

And now, without further ado:

Original article

Should it? That is the question I emailed to GNU’s evaluation team today.

In it, I make a strong case in support of membership, and I encourage members of the public to also voice their opinions about this topic. Therefore, I have publicised this link in several places:

What is Canoeboot?

The Canoeboot project provides free (libre) boot firmware based on coreboot, replacing proprietary BIOS/UEFI firmware on specific Intel/AMD x86 and ARM based motherboards, including laptop and desktop computers. It initialises the hardware (e.g. memory controller, CPU, peripherals) and starts a bootloader for your operating system. GNU+Linux and BSD are well-supported. Help is available via #canoeboot on Libera IRC.

Canoeboot is a special fork of LIbreboot, maintained in parallel to it. Canoeboot adheres to the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines, ensuring that everything in the flash is free software. Canoeboot only supports a very limited subset of hardware from coreboot (which it uses for initialisation) due to this policy, but it’s provided for the purists who only want free software. The right to study, share, modify and use software freely without restrictions is a fundamental right that everyone must have.

The benefit of Canoeboot is that it provides a completely automated build process and installation procedure, with well-tested builds released on a regular basis that the user can simply install, with minimal fuss. You can think of it as a coreboot distro. Coreboot provides snapshot source code archives every few months, but that’s it. Canoeboot gives you the ROM images pre-compiled, with source code, and with payloads already pre-configured. In other words: Canoeboot makes coreboot extremely easy to use.

More info about Canoeboot’s design can be found in the build system documentation.

Thoughts welcome!

I asked this question in various places, where you can comment:

Thread on FSF LibrePlanet mailing list: https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/libreplanet-discuss/2024-05/msg00001.html

Thread on my Mastodon account: https://mas.to/@libreleah/112428793049670713

Thread on Trisquel forums (FSF endorsed GNU+Linux distro, and de-facto stomping ground for many debates within the FSF community):

https://trisquel.info/en/forum/should-gnu-boot-become-gnu-canoeboot

And reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/1cqe924/should_canoeboot_become_gnu_canoeboot/

Email sent to GNU Eval

Here is the email that I sent (replies to it will not be published, only my original email below will be):

Message-ID: <864f2dd0-3af8-4c01-8d9b-d4236b43b335@minifree.org>
Date: Sun, 12 May 2024 15:50:42 +0100
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User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird
Content-Language: en-US
From: Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>
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To: gnueval@gnu.org
Cc: ksiewicz@fsf.org, zoe@fsf.org, Mike Gerwitz <mtg@gnu.org>,
 simon@josefsson.org, christian@grothoff.org, gnu-advisory@gnu.org,
 rms@gnu.org, bob@proulx.com
Subject: Should Canoeboot become GNU Canoeboot?
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From: Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>
To: gnueval@gnu.org
Cc: ksiewicz@fsf.org, zoe@fsf.org, Mike Gerwitz <mtg@gnu.org>,
 simon@josefsson.org, christian@grothoff.org, gnu-advisory@gnu.org,
 rms@gnu.org, bob@proulx.com
Message-ID: <864f2dd0-3af8-4c01-8d9b-d4236b43b335@minifree.org>
Subject: Should Canoeboot become GNU Canoeboot?

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    <pre>
Hi

This is sent to GNU Eval team, but CC'd to others. My main recipient is t=
he GNU Eval team.

I want GNU Canoeboot. This is my official contact with GNU, as the lead d=
eveloper and founder of the Canoeboot project, a fully free coreboot dist=
ro based on Libreboot.

Canoeboot has recently removed all opposition to the FSF and decided to s=
taunchly promote it instead, in addition to FSDG. This is part of a gener=
al desire I've had since the start of the year, to seek reconcilliation w=
ith the FSF and GNU project, after the drama that ensued first with libre=
boot.org vs libreboot.at, and then libreboot.org vs GNU Boot.

This change is permanent, whether GNU accepts my proposal today; even if =
Canoeboot does not become GNU Canoeboot, it will continue to operate as i=
t does now. I recently did a release which is staunchly pro-FSF. I've don=
e this, precisely because GNU Boot is no longer competition to Canoeboot =
in any way; GNU Boot seems to have stalled, so Canoeboot has, with this m=
oved, effectively replaced it. I don't say this as an attack, but it is a=
 fact that GNU Boot has, as I write this, not submitted anything to their=
 main branch in over 4 months. it's now a dead project, and Canoeboot is =
taking over.

I know GNU Boot is already a thing. I envision Canoeboot replacing it. No=
w, answers to questions from gnueval form:

* General Information
** Do you agree to follow GNU policies?
   If your program is accepted to be part of the GNU system, it means
   that you become a GNU maintainer, which in turn means that you will
   need to follow GNU policies in regards to that GNU program.
   (Summarized above, see maintainers document for full descriptions.)

Yes. Canoeboot already complies fully with the GNU Free System Distributi=
on Guidelines. There may be a few stragglers left over from when it forke=
d from Libreboot, but these will surely be found during review.

I've already done extensive auditing myself, as has Craig Topham in his c=
apacity as Licensing and Compliance officer at the FSF. (Canoeboot 2023 r=
eleases were audited)

** Package name and version:

Canoeboot 20240510

** Author Full Name &lt;Email&gt;:

Leah Rowe <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href=3D"mailto:info@minifree=
=2Eorg">&lt;info@minifree.org&gt;</a>

** URL to package home page (if any):

<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://canoeboot.org/">https:=
//canoeboot.org/</a>

** URL to source tarball:
    Please make a release tarball for purposes of evaluation, whether
    or not you publicly release it.  If you don't have
    anywhere to upload it, send it as an attachment.

<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.mirrorservice.org/=
sites/libreboot.org/release/canoeboot/20240510/canoeboot-20240510_src.tar=
=2Exz">https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/libreboot.org/release/canoeboo=
t/20240510/canoeboot-20240510_src.tar.xz</a>

NOTE: Several changes have been made since that release. Check the git lo=
g for cbwww.git and cbmk.git - some of these are relevant as part of eval=
uation (I fixed several issues already, that you're likely to flag in the=
 tarball).

** Brief description of the package:

</pre>
    <p>The <em>Canoeboot</em> project provides <a
        href=3D"https://writefreesoftware.org/learn">free</a> (<em>libre<=
/em>)
      boot firmware based on coreboot, replacing proprietary BIOS/UEFI
      firmware on <a href=3D"https://canoeboot.org/docs/hardware/">specif=
ic
        Intel/AMD x86 and ARM based motherboards</a>, including laptop
      and desktop computers. It initialises the hardware (e.g.=C2=A0memor=
y
      controller, CPU, peripherals) and starts a bootloader for your
      operating system. <a href=3D"https://canoeboot.org/docs/gnulinux/">=
GNU+Linux</a>
      and <a href=3D"https://canoeboot.org/docs/bsd/">BSD</a> are
      well-supported. Help is available via <a
        href=3D"https://web.libera.chat/#canoeboot">#canoeboot</a> on <a
        href=3D"https://libera.chat/">Libera</a> IRC.</p>
    <pre>

* Code
** Dependencies:
    Please list the package's dependencies (source language, libraries, e=
tc.).

Canoeboot build system (cbmk) written in POSIX shell scripts (sh)

Utils (util/) written in a mix of C and Go

Upstream projects such as coreboot, GRUB, SeaBIOS largely written in C, w=
ith a bit of Go and python, also a mild seasoning of x86 assembly languag=
e, in a few cases.

** Configuration, building, installation:
    It might or might not use Autoconf/Automake, but it must meet GNU
    standards.  Even packages that do not require compilation
    must follow these standards, so installers have a uniform way to
    define target directories, etc.  Please see:
    <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/prep/st=
andards/html_node/Configuration.html">http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/h=
tml_node/Configuration.html</a>
    <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/prep/st=
andards/html_node/Makefile-Conventions.html">http://www.gnu.org/prep/stan=
dards/html_node/Makefile-Conventions.html</a>

Does not meet standards at all, but neither does GNU Boot and neither did=
 the erstwhile GNU Libreboot; it was accepted both then and now that the =
design is different, but that GNU needed a viable FSDG-compliant coreboot=
 distro.

The Canoeboot build system is documented here:

<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://canoeboot.org/docs/mai=
ntain/">https://canoeboot.org/docs/maintain/</a>

** Documentation:
    We require using Texinfo (<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"=
http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo=
/</a>)
    for documentation, and recommend writing both reference and tutorial
    information in the same manual.  Please see
    <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/prep/st=
andards/html_node/GNU-Manuals.html">http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/htm=
l_node/GNU-Manuals.html</a>

Pandoc Markdown is used. See: cbwww.git

The Untitled Static Site Generator is used to generate it.

This is what GNU Boot also uses, and it has Markdown, and was accepted.

** Internationalization:
    If your package has any user-visible strings, please make them
    translatable to other languages using GNU Gettext:
    <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/softwar=
e/gettext/">http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/</a>

No i18n, but there are translations of certain pages on the website, main=
tained manually.

Some of the packages that Canoeboot uses may have i18n, such as GNU GRUB.=


** Accessibility:
    Please discuss any <a
    href=3D"https://www.gnu.org/accessibility/accessibility.html">accessi=
bility issues</a>
    with your package, such as use of relevant APIs.

Accessibility issues: no screen reader in the GRUB/SeaBIOS boot menu, tho=
ugh GRUB (coreboot payload often used on Canoeboot installations) has a m=
orse code generator which I could probably re-purpose for blind users.

** Security:
    Please discuss any possible security issues with your package:
    cryptographic algorithms being used, sensitive data being stored,
    possible elevation of privileges, etc.

No issues that I can think of.

Canoeboot actually improves the security on some of its packages. For exa=
mple it adds Argon2 KDF support to GNU GRUB, so that you can boot from LU=
KS2 formatted /boot partitions.

* Licensing:
   Both the software itself *and all dependencies* (third-party
   libraries, etc.) must be free software in order to be included in
   GNU.  In general, official GNU software should be released under the
   GNU GPL version 3 or any later version, and GNU documentation should
   be released under the GNU FDL version 1.3 or any later version.

Canoeboot build system largely GPLv3+, some parts are GPLv2-only.

Coreboot is largely GPLv2.

GRUB largely GPLv3+, sometimes v2+ or v2-only

SeaBIOS largely GPLv2, with some v3 seasoning

   Please see <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://www.gnu.o=
rg/philosophy/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-li=
st.html</a> for a
   practical guide to which licenses are free (for GNU's purposes) and
   which are not.  Please give specific url's to any licenses involved
   that are not listed on that page.

NOTE: Canoeboot already listed on FSD:

<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://directory.fsf.org/wiki=
/Canoeboot">https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Canoeboot</a>

FSF's own craigt heavily audited it over a one-week period, extensively s=
canning it and then going through it all with me.

* Similar free software projects:
   Please explain what motivated you to write your package, and search
   at least the Free Software Directory (<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetex=
t" href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/directory/">http://www.gnu.org/directory/</=
a>)
   for projects similar to yours.  If any exist, please also explain
   what the principal differences are.

GNU Boot

I intend for Canoeboot to replace GNU Boot, and for GNU Boot to be decomm=
issioned, since it is currently a dead project; Canoeboot is the only FSD=
G compliant coreboot distro under active development.

In addition, if accepted, I suppose libreboot.at would also be redirected=
=2E Both libreboot.at and GNU Boot would redirect to Canoeboot.

The current GNU Boot developers are welcome to work with me as contributo=
rs if they wish, but they must not be made maintainers officially; I will=
 assume that rule as GNU Canoeboot maintainer.

* Any other information, comments, or questions:

<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://trisquel.info/en/forum=
/canoeboot-20240510-released-gnu-fsdg-compliant-100-free-software-coreboo=
t-distro-replacing-pro">https://trisquel.info/en/forum/canoeboot-20240510=
-released-gnu-fsdg-compliant-100-free-software-coreboot-distro-replacing-=
pro</a>

This link contains discussion, including from jxself (leading member of G=
NU Advisory Committee). The subtext is GNU Canoeboot, because jxself was =
aware of my plan when he posted here.

Early days thus far, but the gist is this: Canoeboot has dropped 100% of =
its hostility to FSF and I've decided that it will staunchly *support* th=
e FSF instead, openly promoting GNU FSDG policy and encouraging the use o=
f FSDG licensed distros such as Trisquel. This would be just like the goo=
d old days of GNU Libreboot! This change is permanent.
I wasn't going to make this request to gnueval, but since GNU Boot isn't =
really a thing anymore (no commits in over 4 months on their main branch,=
 and generally slow development before then), I thought: why not?

Canoeboot is being kept separate from Libreboot from now on. It no longer=
 promotes Libreboot. When I'm working on Canoeboot, I simply enter GNU Le=
ah Mode, which is a brainmode where I believe absolutely in it and will s=
tand by it to the very end. I'm really good at that, and I also did that =
when GNU Libreboot was a thing.

I've already spoken to several people who are influential such as Mike Ge=
rwitz and Bob Proulx, and they have said that, in principle, they support=
 this move, though they have also told me that they will not be involved =
(of course, if they do want to, I'd like that).

GNU Canoeboot.

That is what I want, and that is what I propose. I will follow all rules =
and do things right.

Also:

Another librexit (libreboot exit from GNU) will not occur. Canoeboot will=
 be GNU forever, if accepted. I never told anyone this before, and it's n=
ot an excluse, but it is a mitigating factor: I was going through a very =
difficult time in my life when Libreboot left GNU all thoes years ago. I =
was regularly drinking, and I was drunk when I originally sent thoes host=
ile messages to GNU in 2016. I'm not like that for years now. I don't dri=
nk anymore, and I don't do drugs - and I haven't done so for many years n=
ow.

The way I see it, there will always be a demand for a fully free coreboot=
 distro, and Canoeboot is currently the only viable project in this regar=
d.

Canoeboot is superior to GNU Boot for these reasons:

* Much more up to date. Uses coreboot, GRUB and SeaBIOS revisions from 20=
24, whereas GNU Boot uses revs from late 2021.

* Build system is more efficient: 6 shell scripts instead of GNU Boot's 5=
0, and about 1300 lines of code in the build system, versus GNU Boot's ~5=
000. Generally cleaner coding style in Canoeboot.

* Despite being smaller, Canoeboot actually has more features. Such as bu=
ilding of serprog images (to make cheap SPI flashers), support for buildi=
ng U-Boot payload on ARM devices (and they boot), and more hardware suppo=
rt.

* I've been working on this stuff for over 10 years. I know all the nooks=
 and crannies of coreboot, and how to really make your bootloader sing

* GNU Boot uses Libreboot's old build system design, which is why it's mu=
ch bigger. I did a series of audits in 2023 to vastly increase the code q=
uality in the build system.

* GNU Boot is going to become more complex, because they want/wanted to r=
ewrite it all in Guille and use the GUix package manager to build everyth=
ing. While this would make individual building easier, it would vastly in=
crease the maintenance burden and introduce many moving parts to the proj=
ect, making it unmaintainable over time. Canoeboot's design is much simpl=
er and I'm also working on bootstrapping (e.g. musl-cross-make integratio=
n)

* GNU Boot lacks many of Libreboot's newer security features, such as Arg=
on2 KDF support for LUKS2 boot

So, basically, Canoeboot is much easier and better.

I actually did initially try to help GNU Boot instead. The problem with G=
NU Boot is that it's based on a really old Libreboot version and hasn't b=
een changed much since, and they've basically been in "development hell".=
 I sent them extensive patches fgixing build issues, so that it builds on=
 modern distros, andh I sent them patches updating it to newer upstream r=
evisions e.g. coreboot, but none of my patches were reviewed. I don't thi=
nk the current developers are up to the task, and this is not an insult; =
they worked under me as Libreboot contributors in the past, and they only=
 ever worked on minor tasks, they never did anything big. I've said in th=
e past that perhaps I should be appointed as leader of GNU Boot instead, =
but I have my Canoeboot project which has surpassed it technically in eve=
ry way, so now I want a GNU Canoeboot.

Upcoming work on Canoeboot:

* More ARM chromebooks, which Alper Nebi Yasak (libreboot developer) is w=
orking on

* More Dell Latitudes (GM45 modules). I'm working on these, based on the =
Dell E6400 port

* Mate Kukri (coreboot developer) is working on an exploit of Intel SA-00=
086 to gain unsigned code execution on Intel ME v11, for Skylake boards, =
but I'm told that similar exploits are possible and will be worked on, fo=
r older sandybridge, ivybridge and haswell hardware (e.g. ThinkPad X220, =
X230, T440p) - currently, the only blobs needed on those boards are Intel=
 ME and microcode, though they can boot without microcode. There's a chan=
ce that in the next few years, we will have what I call the Intel Freedom=
 Engine, a full free replacement of Intel ME. This would become part of G=
NU, if GNU accepts Canoeboot today.

* Linux-libre payload with musl libc and busybox, and U-Root, to provide =
booting of linux kernels on disk and over the network, from the flash. (G=
NU+Linux system in flash basically), with many security features such as =
measured boot, and native support for ZFS file system.

Some or all of the above, and more, will be present in Canoeboot this yea=
r.

So how about it?

Many people will be surprised by this email. But if you put your trust in=
 me, I promise I won't disappoint. I will of course make a savannah accou=
nt as part of this, and use it, if accepted.
</pre>
    <p></p>
    <pre class=3D"moz-signature" cols=3D"72">--=20
Company director, Minifree Ltd
Registered in England, No. 9361826 | VAT No. GB202190462
Registered Office: 19 Hilton Road, Canvey Island, Essex SS8 9QA, UK</pre>=

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That is all.

I anticipate that precisely nothing will happen; however, I am deadly serious, and I would be quite pleased if they say yes.

flashprog -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/canoe0.0,canoespeed=gnu -w canoegnucanoegnu.gnu.rom

Follow-up

In addition to the original message, I also sent this message to GNU Eval:

some people have actually asked me if i should contribute to GNU Boot, instead of trying to replace it with GNU Canoeboot. They have asked this outside of this email discussion, but some here may be wondering that.

I’d like now to address it. Here goes:

I actually submitted extensive patches to gnuboot in January 2024:

https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnuboot-patches/2024-01/index.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20240511074211/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnuboot-patches/2024-01/index.html

The patches were never reviewed, let alone merged, but they:

A second patch set that I sent does the above, and also:

I sent all of these patches to GNU Boot while bored, and it only took me 1 day to implement all of them, re-using what I had done in Canoeboot months beforehand

My patches fixed all of the fundamental issues with GNU Boot, without rewriting the build system; they use an older version of the Libreboot build system, prior to my re-write of the latter half of 2023 (my re-write makes the build system much smaller and more efficient.

All of the above improvements and much more is in Canoeboot. In terms of development, Canoeboot is about 2 years ahead of Canoeboot; Canoeboot has since far surpassed the improvements sent to GNU Boot in January, so even if they did merge them now, they’d still be behind.

I may be missing a thing or two, above, but one thing I’m not missing is my strong and stable commitment to the free software movement, even when I’m dealing with hostile project maintainers who won’t even consider my patches.

This is why I will no longer assist the GNU Boot project. Because I tried to help them; and this wasn’t my first attempt to help, either.

Whether GNU accepts Canoeboot or not, Canoeboot will continue to press full speed ahead. I say now it’s 2 years ahead of GNU Boot;

Next year it’ll be 3 years ahead.

Markdown file for this page: https://canoeboot.org/news/gnu.md

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